European
Gulag

≈18 000 000

≈1 600 000

“The present network of camps extends not only beyond the Arctic Circle, over the Siberian spaces, and from the White Sea to the Baltic, but also to the very outskirts of Leningrad, Moscow, Kuybyshev and Baku. Finally, the warning signs are lighting up with haunting intermittence all over Eastern Europe, all over the Soviet glacis.”

David Rousset
“An Appeal:
Help the Deportees in the Soviet
Camps”

Soviet
Gulag

≈18 000 000

≈1 600 000

Germany

1945-1950

Yugoslavia

1944-1963

Estonia

1945-1956

Poland

1944-1958

Romania

1945-1989

Latvia

1945-1958

Czechoslovakia

1945-1961

Bulgaria

1944-1987

Lithuania

1945-1958

Hungary

1945-1960

Albania

1946-1991

Moldova

1944-1958

Jaan Kross

(1920–2007)

Paul Chaleil

(1913–1983)

Josyf Slipyj

(1892–1984)

Valentín González González

(1904–1983)

Leopold (Leo) Bauer

(1912–1972)

Dorota Boreczek

(1931–2020)

Knuts Skujenieks

(1936)

Lidija Drobnič

(1931–2021)

Fatbardh Kupi

(1928–2016)

Theodor Reinhold

(1909–1996)

Miron Petrašovič

(1913–1959)

Pranas Genys

(1902–1952)

Atanas Moskov

(1903–1995)

Albert Hasenbroekx

(1915–1979)

Ion Ioanid

(1926–2003)

Witold Borowski

(1913–1945)

Armanda Degli Abbati

(1879–1946)

Aatami Kuortti

(1903–1997)

Givi Margvelashvili

(1927–2020)

Padraic Breslin

(1907–1942)

Gyula Ottó Michnay

(1922–2011)

Olimpiada Bodiu

(1912–1971)

Julius Margolin

(1900–1971)

Vincent Žuk-Hryškievič

(1903–1989)

TASI MARKO

JÓZSEF CSETE

JAN MÁJEK

NIKOLAI SANTŠUK

SALOMON MOREL

MITJA RIBIČIČ

NIKOLAI LJUBTŠENKO

IOAN FICIOR

IVAN MAČEK

LAJOS RUSCSÁK

MIKULAS JAKAB

JULIA RUZHGEVA

Reaction
of the
West

“The world of concentration camps is developing like a cancer in society: it corrupts both the executioner and the victim. [...] Where [it] appears, man, master or slave, is invariably lost. To see its presence is to formulate the gravest condemnation against a regime.”

David Rousset
“An Appeal:
Help the Deportees in the Soviet Camps”

(Non)remembrance